Chapter 2 | Prehistory and Shang Dynasty

Oracle Bone: Ox scapula with a divination inscription from the Shang dynasty, dating to the reign of King Wu Ding

Neolithic : It is known as the New Stone Age, and began in China around 10,000 B.C. It was a rapid improvement and new variety in finely made stone tools. While stone tools continued to be used, clay and bone were increasing and towards the end, metal began be used.

Xia : (C.2070 - 1600 B.C.) the first dynasty of historical China established by Yu the Great. There is little evidence of this dynasty actually existing but the Shang dynasty has to begin somewhere. The legend has it that Yu the Great prevented floods by criss crossing the Yellow River Plains with a stick. Grateful, the people from the nine regions of territory divided under his rule to pay homage.
Shang : (C.1558 - 1046 B.C.) Ruled from several successive walled capitals. Cultural remains suggested their political domains were limited to the central Yellow River Plains. They kept slaves, mainly war captive from around the Shang borders. They were important part of the agricultural work force and built cities and palaces. The Shang also developed a highly accurate calendar. Hunting also remained a subsidiary source of food in addition to domesticated cattle, pigs, and poultry.
Sage King : The title given to the five former Kings who have retired from active duty and spend their time developing their divine powers.
Ancestral Culture : It revolves around the worship of the deified ancestors of people with the same surname. Ancestors are considered embodiments or reproducers of the creative order of Heaven.